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States That Have Restricted Gender-Affirming Care for Trans Youth in 2023_我的网站

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7月27日14:00，2026上海大师赛首轮，丁俊晖对阵4号外卡姚东成，11局6胜制。第二局姚东成一度领先超过50分，却出现失误送出球权，丁俊晖几度上手，74比59完成逆转。

A large majority of transgender adults in the United States – 78% – say living with a gender different from the one assigned to them at birth has made them more satisfied with their lives, according to a recent survey from The Washington Post and Kaiser Family Foundation.

Among respondents, more than three-quarters had changed their type of clothing, hairstyle or grooming habits to align with their preferred gender, while 31% had used hormone treatments and 16% had undergone gender-affirming surgery or a related surgical treatment to alter their appearance.

But such options are becoming available on a more limited basis, as politicians in multiple states have attempted to restrict trans Americans’ ability to seek gender-affirming medical treatments. In some states, such as Georgia and Tennessee, bans for minors were approved in the first quarter of 2023.

What Is Gender-Affirming Care?

The Human Rights Campaign, a LGBTQ+ advocacy group, defines gender-affirming care as “age-appropriate care that is medically necessary for the well-being of many transgender and non-binary people who experience symptoms of gender dysphoria, or distress that results from having one’s gender identity not match their sex assigned at birth.” The organization notes both the American Medical Association and American Academy of Pediatrics support “age-appropriate, gender-affirming care for transgender and non-binary people.”

Conservatives often oppose the concept of gender-affirming care – which may or may not include surgical or other interventions – for various reasons, including religious beliefs and concerns about child abuse. “You don’t disfigure 10-, 12-, 13-year-old kids based on gender dysphoria,” Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, said at an August news conference.

Some have expressed concern about a lack of data on the possible long-term consequences of gender-affirming medical treatment for minors. A Reuters investigation, for example, found “no large-scale studies have tracked people who received gender-related medical care as children to determine how many remained satisfied with their treatment as they aged and how many eventually regretted transitioning.” Others, according to the article, have raised alarms about children who are not appropriately evaluated before receiving gender-affirming medical care.

These States Have Banned Gender-Affirming Care

Below are the states that have moved to restrict some form of gender-affirming care for minors so far in 2023, based largely on legislation tracking from the Equality Federation, an advocacy accelerator that works with a network of state-based LGBTQ+ organizations.

Some states, such as Arizona and Alabama, passed bans prior to this year and are not included on the list. Alabama’s law has since been blocked by a federal judge as it faces a challenge in court.

Dozens of bills are still being considered by lawmakers in other states, according to the federation. And officials elsewhere, including in Florida and Missouri, have bypassed state legislatures altogether.

Signed into law by new Republican Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders in March, Arkansas’ law will make health care providers liable for civil action for up to 15 years after a minor turns 18 if they performed a gender transition procedure on that minor – essentially making it easier to file malpractice lawsuits in these situations. On that note, experts say the law acts as a de facto ban on gender-affirming care for children because it makes it nearly impossible for providers to get malpractice insurance, according to the AP. In 2021, state lawmakers passed the nation’s first ban on gender-affirming care for minors. The move was temporarily blocked shortly after, but on June 20, 2023, a federal judge issued a permanent injunction against it, ruling the ban unconstitutional. It marked the first time such a state ban was overturned, but the more recent law signed by Sanders was still set to go into effect.

The state Department of Health’s Board of Medicine announced a new rule in March that prohibits several types of therapies and procedures for treating gender dysphoria in minors. The methods of care covered include sex reassignment surgeries and puberty-blocking therapies. Minors already being treated with the rule’s referenced therapies prior to the effective date of it were allowed to continue. Then, on May 17, DeSantis signed into law a similar gender-affirming care ban from the state legislature, which, in addition to prohibiting procedures from being performed on minors, also grants Florida courts “temporary emergency jurisdiction” over a child if they have been subjected to or “threatened” with sex-reassignment prescriptions or procedures. The law also requires transgender adults to get written consent before undergoing such procedures by using a form adopted by the Board of Medicine and Board of Osteopathic Medicine, according to Reuters. But on June 6, a district court judge in Florida issued a preliminary injunction that temporarily blocked enforcement of some parts of the law for specific plaintiffs.

Senate Bill 140 was signed into law by Georgia’s Republican Gov. Brian Kemp in late March. The legislation, pushed forward by the Republican majority in the state’s General Assembly, prohibits “certain surgical procedures for the treatment of gender dysphoria in minors from being performed in hospitals and other licensed healthcare facilities.” There are exceptions, including treatments that are deemed “medically necessary” and situations covering continued treatment for minors undergoing “irreversible hormone replacement therapies” prior to July 1, 2023. But a federal judge on Aug. 20 granted a preliminary injunction which blocked the portion of the law banning doctors from starting hormone therapy for transgender minors. The prohibition on surgical procedures was not covered by the injunction.

The state’s GOP Gov. Brad Little approved a bill that criminalizes providing gender-affirming care for youth. Signed on April 4 and going into effect in January 2024, the law makes it a felony to provide hormones, puberty blockers or other gender-affirming medical care to minors. Little said in a letter confirming the bill signing that policymakers “should take great caution whenever we consider allowing the government to interfere with loving parents and their decisions about what is best for their children.”

Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb signed into law on April 5 a bill banning all gender-affirming care for minors, after previously saying there was “some vagueness to it,” according to the AP. The governor said in a statement that “permanent gender-changing surgeries with lifelong impacts and medically prescribed preparation for such a transition should occur as an adult, not as a minor.” Parts of the law, however, were blocked by a federal judge on June 16 following a request for a preliminary injunction by the American Civil Liberties Union of Indiana. The order stops the law’s ban on puberty blockers and hormone treatments for minors from going into force on July 1, but does not impact the restriction on gender-affirming surgeries.

Iowa’s ban, signed into law on March 22, prohibits health care professionals from “knowingly” performing certain medical practices on minors if they are “for the purpose of attempting to alter the appearance of, or affirm the minor’s perception of, the minor's gender or sex, if that appearance or perception is inconsistent with the minor's sex.” Practices covered by the law include hormone therapies and surgical procedures. As with other states’ laws, there are some exceptions, including a “medically verifiable disorder of sex development.”

The state on March 29 joined others in banning gender-affirming medical care for minors when the Republican-led Kentucky General Assembly voted to override Democratic Gov. Andy Beshear’s veto, becoming the first state led by a Democrat to approve such a ban in 2023. The law notes that any health provider who violates the prohibition can have their license or certificate revoked. A federal judge on June 28 temporarily blocked the portion of the law that would have banned transgender youth from accessing puberty blockers and hormone therapy, but that same judge lifted the injunction on July 14 – allowing the restrictions to go into effect. A federal appeals court panel on July 31 allowed the state to continue enforcing the law.

With a successful override attempt of Democratic Gov. John Bel Edwards’ veto by the state’s Republican supermajority legislature, Louisiana approved a ban on gender-affirming care for minors on July 18. The law, which goes into effect on Jan. 1, 2024, covers procedures such as hormone therapies, puberty blockers and gender-reassignment surgeries. The ban’s ultimate approval came after a Republican lawmaker cast a tie-breaking vote to kill the legislation in May. But it was eventually resurrected and passed before Edwards’ veto.

Mississippi’s law – among the first to be enacted in 2023 – bans any person from knowingly providing or engaging in conduct that aids and abets the performance of gender transition procedures on a minor in the state. The ban also prohibits the use of public funds or tax deductions for such procedures. Republican Gov. Tate Reeves said when he signed the bill into law that “radical activists” are telling children they are “just a surgery away from happiness,” according to the AP.

GOP Gov. Mike Parson on June 7 signed a bill that will restrict gender-affirming health care for minors and some adults in Missouri starting in late August. The law prevents the state’s Medicaid division from covering such treatment for people of any age, and prohibits providers from prescribing puberty-blockers or cross-sex hormones to minors until Aug. 28, 2027, unless they were being treated prior to the bill’s effective date. Missouri initially banned gender-affirming care in April through an emergency regulation from state Attorney General Andrew Bailey that limited treatments for both minors and adults, the latter of which was believed to be a first in the country. But Bailey terminated the rule – which had already been on pause due to a lawsuit – on May 16, citing the state legislature’s imminent ban. A circuit judge on Aug. 25 allowed the law to take effect.

Signed into law on April 28 by Republican Gov. Greg Gianforte, Montana’s ban on gender-affirming care for minors covers both surgical procedures and medications such as puberty blockers and testosterone. As with other state laws, the prohibition has exceptions including for someone “diagnosed with a disorder of sexual development.” Any physician who performs a banned procedure can be also sued in the 25 years following it if the after-effects result in any injury, “including physical, psychological, emotional or physiological harms.” The law takes effect on Oct. 1, according to the AP. Democratic state Rep. Zooey Zephyr, a transgender woman, was exiled from the Montana House floor after she said her fellow Republican lawmakers would have “blood on their hands” if they passed the bill.

Republican Gov. Jim Pillen signed into law on May 22 a bill that prohibits gender-affirming medical care for minors, which covers people under the age of 19 in Nebraska. The law, which also bans abortions at 12 weeks of pregnancy, includes a ban on surgical procedures and limitations on “prescribed drugs related to gender alteration.” The rules for the latter are to be determined by the state’s chief medical officer – a political appointee, according to the AP. The gender-affirming care portion of the new law goes into effect on Oct. 1, 2023.

The state’s Republican-dominated legislature on Aug. 16 voted to successfully override a veto from Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper and approve a ban on gender-affirming care for minors in North Carolina. The bill’s language covers both transition surgeries and puberty-blocking drugs or cross-sex hormones. The law goes into effect immediately, but as with other state bans that have been approved, there are some exceptions to the prohibition.

Republican Gov. Doug Burgum on April 19 signed a veto-proof bill into law that criminalizes providing gender-affirming medical care to minors. The law, which went into effect immediately as an “emergency measure,” makes performing sex reassignment surgery on a minor a felony, and makes providing gender-affirming medication such as puberty blockers to minors a misdemeanor. Burgum recommended in a statement that “thoughtful debate around these complex medical policies should demonstrate compassion and understanding for all North Dakota youth and their families,” according to the AP.

GOP Gov. Kevin Stitt on May 1 signed into law a ban on gender-affirming care for minors in Oklahoma, saying he was “thrilled” to do so and “protect our kids.” The bill allows for any physician who knowingly provides gender transition procedures to be charged with a felony, but the prosecution must occur before the minor patient turns 45. The law went into effect immediately, but on May 18 the state agreed to not enforce it while opponents sought a temporary court order blocking it.

Signed into law on Feb. 13, House Bill 1080 prohibits South Dakotan health care professionals from administering various types of gender-affirming procedures on minors. If a provider violates the law, the legislation requires a professional or occupational licensing board to revoke any license or certificate held by the provider. GOP Gov. Kristi Noem strongly supported the bill before signing it, according to the AP.

Tennessee’s legislation, which was signed by Gov. Bill Lee in March but was set to go into effect on July 1, bans health care providers from performing or offering to perform a medical procedure on a minor if its purpose is to enable that minor “to identify with, or live as, a purported identity inconsistent with the immutable characteristics of the reproductive system that define the minor as male or female.” It also prohibits such procedures if the purpose is to treat “purported discomfort or distress from a discordance between the minor's sex and asserted identity.” There are exceptions, and the law establishes penalties for providers who violate it. Just days before its July 1 effective date, a federal judge on June 28 temporarily blocked the portion of the law that would have banned transgender youth from accessing puberty blockers and hormone therapy. U.S. District Judge Eli Richardson, however, did not block the law’s ban on surgical procedures. A federal appeals court on July 8 temporarily reversed Richardson’s ruling, meaning the law can take effect at least until the court conducts a full review.

GOP Gov. Greg Abbott on June 2 signed a bill banning gender-affirming care for minors in Texas. The law contains exceptions similar to other states’ efforts at restricting transition care. The Texas Supreme Court on Aug. 31 allowed the law to go into effect on Sept. 1, overruling a state district judge who had issued a temporary injunction against the ban a week prior. The law’s passage was not Texas’ first attempt at limiting gender-affirming care: Abbott in 2022 ordered the investigation of families who were receiving such care, but the order was halted by a judge in the state.

Republican Gov. Spencer Cox signed into law on Jan. 28 the first gender-affirming care ban of the year. The Utah legislature’s Senate Bill 16 restricts health providers from performing “sex characteristic surgical procedures on a minor for the purpose of effectuating a sex change” or hormonal transgender treatment on minors who weren’t diagnosed with gender dysphoria before July 1, 2023. Cox said his approval of the law was an effort at least in part to pause “these permanent and life-altering treatments for new patients until more and better research can help determine the long-term consequences,” the AP reported.

A new law signed by GOP Gov. Jim Justice on March 29 prohibits minors from being prescribed hormone therapy and puberty blockers, or from receiving gender-affirming surgery. The law, which will take effect in January 2024, contains an exception geared toward youth for whom “treatment with pubertal modulating and hormonal therapy is medically necessary to treat the minor’s psychiatric symptoms and limit self-harm, or the possibility of self-harm.” In these cases, the minor must receive consent from their parents or guardians along with two medical providers.

。第三、第四局丁俊晖彻底打开，连续两杆破百，103分、125分，4比0进入中场休息。下半场姚东成在第五局拉锯战中扳回一城。第六局丁俊晖单杆140分清台，刷新本届赛事单杆最高分。第七局姚东成再追一局。第八局丁俊晖单杆108分锁定胜局，6比2。整场比赛，丁俊晖打出4杆破百（103、125、140、108）和1杆50+（71）。破百次数占获胜局数的三分之二。赛后丁俊晖自己也说，今天打得非常专注，打出了想要的水准，并称赞姚东成是一位非常全面的选手。姚东成是上海本地久狮台球俱乐部的外卡选手，2007年出生。上半场他0比4崩盘，完全是面对顶级选手时的心态失衡。丁俊晖整场的出杆节奏极快，比赛几乎是纯对攻，几乎没有高质量防守回合。

二 | 这种节奏是姚东成"喂"出来的快，不是丁俊晖自主掌控的快。一个细节值得注意：下半场姚东成适应节奏后，尝试放慢击球速度、采用保守战术，收到效果，赢下了第五局和第七局。

三 | 也就是说，在姚东成这样的外卡选手面前，丁俊晖在乱局缠斗中的表现也并非无懈可击。而7月29日19:30站在他对面的，是卫冕世锦赛冠军赵心童。

四 | 强度完全不在一个量级。2025年世锦赛夺冠之后，关于赵心童的技术分析给出了硬数据：安全球处理成功率稳定在76%到85%的高位区间，与顶尖选手差距极小。他的"三指悬空"架杆法处理库边球成功率远超比赛平均值。平均出杆时间短，能有效压缩对手思考时间。禁赛期回归后，赵心童把自己的比赛风格从"进攻型"升级为"攻守平衡型"。他的教练张东涛赛后用了一个词评价："合理性"。意思是赵心童的安全球策略、大局观、攻守选择，都比之前有明显提升。2025年世锦赛决赛，赵心童长台成功率高达78%，平均出杆时间仅18.7秒。这是一套既能快攻、也能通过防守布局控制局面的完整武器库。

五 | 把首轮那种"硬碰硬"的对攻打法，原封不动搬到7月29日对阵赵心童的台面上，风险极高。

六 | 赵心童的防守功底和比赛节奏把控能力，恰好克制单纯的快节奏猛攻。这是丁俊晖和赵心童近两年内的第三次直接对话。2025年上海大师赛1/4决赛，赵心童6比1大胜，全场轰出3杆破百（134、132、118分），仅用83分钟结束比赛。2026年世锦赛1/8决赛，25局13胜长局制，赵心童13比9击败丁俊晖。那场比赛第三阶段赵心童打出单杆116分、115分等高分局，丁俊晖连续两届世锦赛止步16强。两人职业生涯总交手，早期丁俊晖4连胜占优，但从2025年上海大师赛开始，赵心童已经连赢3次。最近一次赛后，丁俊晖自己承认："赵心童是当下最强选手。"前4次交手丁俊晖全胜，后3次赵心童全胜，形成明显的"拐点"走势。7月29日这场是上海大师赛第二轮，11局6胜制。相比世锦赛25局13胜的长局制，偶然性更大，对丁俊晖而言其实是个有利因素。长局制下赵心童的整体实力和体能优势会被放大，短局制下，丁俊晖如果能利用主场氛围在前几局建立优势，比赛走向会有变数。但有一个事实无法回避：丁俊晖首轮展现的远台准度和围球连贯性确实达到了极高水平，可这些优势在姚东成身上验证了，没有在同等强度的对手身上验证过。而赵心童恰好是那个能在防守端给丁俊晖施压、在乱局中拼关键球的对手。2025年上海大师赛那场6比1，赵心童用83分钟结束战斗，那种效率来源于对节奏的完全掌控。如果7月29日丁俊晖不能主动降速、不能在乱局中敢于做斯诺克而不是强行进攻，比赛很可能重现一年前的剧本。上海大师赛总奖金丰厚，冠军奖金21万英镑，赛事从7月27日持续到8月2日。丁俊晖首轮展现的手感是真实的，4杆破百的密度在任何大师赛都属炸裂。

七 | 但手感归手感，对抗强度是另一回事。姚东成赛后获得认可的拼搏精神，改变不了他外卡选手的身份。丁俊晖的父亲丁文钧在回应官方海报争议时说："现在中国有两位年轻运动员成绩特别优异，这对他们也是鼓励。"这句话里的"两位年轻运动员"，一位是吴宜泽，另一位就是赵心童。7月29日19:30，卢湾体育馆，丁俊晖VS赵心童。在这场对话开始前，丁俊晖需要回答一个问题：当对手从外卡小将换成世锦赛卫冕冠军，首轮那套行云流水的打法，还剩多少能直接用？

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